The chapter "After Avant-Garde Film" leads the reader through a chronological survey of the development of film, identifying key conceptual and technical considerations. Beginning with the difficult definition of avant-garde, the chapter provides a thorough walkthrough of film and the anti-Hollywood directors associated with post-avant garde, modernism, and postmodernism. Surrealism, experimental film, new wave and new American cinema, post-structuralism, feminism and semiotics are all discussed as a point of development in film. leading potentially to the postmodern avant-garde.